Review on Honore De Balzac’s Sarassine

Due to the incessant reference to Roland Barthes work on Balzac’s Sarassine, a curiosity arouse in me to read the text before reading the criticism by Barthes. My search was fulfilled by Feedbooks online that provided the translation of Sarassine by Clara Bell. The work runs to thirty five pages and one can read the work in single setting. The translation is impeccable with a clear flow of words and thereby it becomes a great joy to read the text. The striking part of the text is the introduction of Sarassine in the middle of the text. The initial part depicts the French society in 1830s and at the same time it does not miss to lead the readers towards the story plot of Sarassine in whose name the text is labelled. As the story of Sarassine began and when i was half way through, i could make a wild guess about the story as i have earlier watched the movie starring Arjun directed by Bharathiraja. Though I could vaguely collect the title of the movie as it was not a box office hit still i remembered the story which was very different from the traditional tamil movie story line. A boy will be posed as heroine in the movie following which all sorts of trouble will arise for the boy. A series of murder takes place and the actor Arjun appears to solve the case. The suspense will be revealed at the end. In the movie a girl has played the role both as a boy and girl. Now i can understand the source of the movie. The movie was not an exact copy or the adaptation of this work Sarassine. So, both the written text and the movie are unique in their ways. It is pleasure to read the text and simultaneously it is a thrill to watch the movie devoid of knowledge about the story of the text. This story no doubt has depicted the fall of a great artist but it is interesting to read an unusual story. Artist may fall as he is a human but the art is eternal which will sing his praise for ages. Balzac is also a true artist.

 Uma Parameswaran’s Trishanku and other writings

People in general state that there is no use in crying over the spilt milk. Past is always considered as dead and pondering about it is perpetually considered as futile. However, here comes Uma Parameswaran’s Trishanku and other writings to break the notion. This work of a diaspora writer cannot be read for the contemporary issues as it deals with the first set of diaspora people who moved from India to Canada. Despite the fact that the text deals with the previous set of immigrants, still it cannot be ignored. The text provides the base to learn about the first set of immigrants and provides a link to learn about the state of current immigrants. Apart from the theme of nostalgia, this work has universal themes too. For instance Usha’s lamentation for the unborn child suits any mother, To quote,

It is nature’s way, they said,

To throw out those unfit to see

The light of day.

And they dropped him in a white-lid jar

And carried him away.

Threw him down the incinerator perhaps,

Flames sucking at those unformed lips

That never will suckle here,

My son, heir to the heritage of the solar kings. (p.31)

Any human being with soul will be moved to shed tears after reading the above poem. This collection is also unique in literary genre. Uma has broken the boundaries by compiling poems, short prose and excerpt from a novel. Her new attempt is worth reading. This collection is unique and deserves kudos as it appeals to heart and soul. No wonder many pages make us suffer and choke our throat in tears. The text treats your emotion.

Mulk Raj Anand’s “Lajwanti and other stories”

The moment Anand name is uttered, an individual gets struck with the novels like Untouchable and Coolie. Even the Wikipedia has listed only his novels and autobiographies. I am quite surprised to see the absence of this collection of short stories. However, after reading this text, I found this collection quite interesting as this cannot be stereotypically labelled unlike other Anand novels which is always studied as those that deals only with the issues of so called ‘untouchables’. The collection deals with various issues of women, division in society based on class and the religion and again of course the Dalit issue is not exempted. A theoretical approach including feminism, Marxism and subaltern studies can be applied to these short stories. Even a semiotic approach to the text is possible as it involves plenty of symbols and imageries. The signifier and the signified of the text require attention to comprehend the real crux of the story. The author’s versatile capacity is evident in this collection though a few has criticised this collection to resemble Hindi teleserials. In short, the collection cannot be merely ignored as a simple text. It has rich sources for knowledgeable discussion and deserves reading. 

Madras University Part II English syllabus ( effective from academic year 2014-2015)

1
APPENDIX – 33(S)
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
PART II - ENGLISH
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
First Year
First Semester
Text - Catalyst A Multilevel English Refresher by Anu Chithra Publications Rs. 90/-
Test 05 Hours
Unit - I Preparatory Lessons 10 Hours
Unit - II Prose 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Poetry 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - IV Short Story 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - V Grammar 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class)
Tense, Aspect, Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal), Negatives, Interrogatives
(Yes or No, Wh Questions) Tag questions, Completing the sentences,
Common errors, Synonym, Antonym, Word class, Use in sentences of
words. (Refer to the Grammar exercises in the Text Book)
Part -I from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/-
Sound Right
Introduction to the Sounds of the English Language, Word Stress, Strong and
Weak Forms, Sentences Stress and Intonation, Voice Modulation.
2
Second Semester
Text - Panorama English for Communication by Emerald Publishers Rs.89/-
Test 05 hours
Unit - I Prose 10 Hours
Unit - II Poems 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Short Stories 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - IV One-Act Plays 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - V Communicative Grammar 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class. Refer to the Text Panorama and
Spring Board) and
Part -III from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/- and
Watch Your English from Panorama
Grammar, Framing Questions, Common errors, More Grammar, Word
Building: Prefixes and Suffixes.
Third Semester
Text - Reflections by Foundation Books Cambridge University Press. Rs.105/-
Inspiring Lives by Maruthi Publications Rs.60/-
Test 05 hours
Unit - I Prose 10 Hours
Unit - II Poetry 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Short Stories 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - IV Biographies 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
the class)
Unit - V Grammar 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class)
3
Refer to Grammar exercises given in the Text - Reflections and also
Part -V from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/-
Face-to-Face
Preparing for an Interview, Win the Game of Life, The First Written
Encounter: Writing Skills.
Fourth Semester
Text - Six One - Act Plays by Pavai Publications Rs.50/-
Gifts to Posterity An Anthology of Short Stories by Anu Chithra Publications. Rs. 32/-
Building Competency A Course in Reading and Writing English by Maruthi Publications.
Rs. 50/-
Test 05 Hours
Unit - I Six One-Act Plays 20 Hours (including all
exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - II Short Stories 20 Hours (including all
exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Prose and Scenes from 20 Hours (including all exercises
Shakespeare to be done in class in the text
itself)
Unit - IV Writing Skill Exercises 10 Hours
Letter Writing (Formal & Informal)
Précis Writing
Paraphrasing
Comprehension
Report Writing
For Communicative and Presentation Skills classroom exercises can be given
from Part II and Part IV sections from Spring Board.
4
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) /B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
First Year
First Semester
Text - Catalyst A Multilevel English Refresher by Anu Chitra Publications Rs. 90/-
Unit - I Preparatory Lessons
1. Competition Matters - Suzanne Sievert
2. A Personal Crisis May Change History - Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
3. Why Preserve Biodiversity - Prof. D.Balasubramanian
4. A Call to Action - Adapted from Hillary Rodham Clinton's address.....
Unit - II Prose
1. My Greatest Olympic Prize - Jesse Owens
2. If You are Wrong Admit it - Dale Carnegie
3. Monday Morning - Mark Twain
4. The Unexpected - Robert Lynd
Unit - III Poetry
1. Pulley or Gift of God - George Herbert
2. La Belle Dame Sans Merci - John Keats
3. The Night of the Scorpion - Night of the Scorpion
4. The Death of a Bird - A.D. Hope
5
Unit - IV Short Story
1. Mrs. Packletide's Tiger - Saki
2. A Snake in the Grass - R.K. Narayan
3. Three Questions - Leo Tolstoy
4. The Gift of the Magi - O. Henry
Unit - V Grammar
Tense, Aspect, Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal), Negatives, Interrogatives
(Yes or No, Wh Questions) Tag questions, completing the sentences,
Common errors, Synonym, Antonym, Word class, Use in sentences of
words. (Refer to the Grammar exercises in the Text Book) and Part I from
Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs. 95/-
Part -I
Sound Right
Introduction to the Sounds of the English Language, Word Stress, Strong and
Weak Forms, Sentences Stress and Intonation, Voice Modulation.
6
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) /B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
FIRST SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. Answer all the Questions
a. Writing two words pronounced with /a:/ sound.
b. Marking the stress of the words.
c. Marking the strong and weak forms.
d. Writing sentences with contracted forms.
e. Marking the stressed words in sentences.
f. Rewriting sentence using an introductory it or there.
g. Filling the blanks with suitable articles.
h. Using appropriate preposition given in brackets.
i. Framing suitable question.
j. Filling the blanks using appropriate adjectival form of the word given in brackets.
k. Filling the blanks with suitable forms of the verb given in brackets.
l. Antonyms of the words without using prefixes.
m. Changing the sentences into negative.
n. Filling the blank with connective.
o. Reported Speech.
7
SECTION – B (5x3=15)
II. Answer FIVE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 30 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
Prose & Poetry a or b
Prose or Poetry or Short Stories a or b
SECTION – C (3x5=15)
III. Answer THREE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
SECTION – D (3x10=30)
IV. Answer THREE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 200 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
8
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) /B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
First Year
Second Semester
Text - Panorama English for Communication by Emerald Publishers Rs.89/-
Unit - I Prose
1. The Refugee - K.A. Abbas
2. The Lion and The Lamb - Leonard Clark
3. The Lady or the Tiger? - Frank R. Stockton
4. The Sky is the limit - Kalpana Chawla
Unit - II Poems
1. The Solitary Reaper - William Wordsworth
2. Gift - Alice Walker
3. O What is that Sound - W. H. Auden
4. Ode to the West Wind - P.B. Shelly
Unit - III Short Stories
1. The Fortune-Teller - Karel Capek
2. The Postmaster - Rabindranath Tagore
3. The Model Millionaire - Oscar Wilde
4. The Dying Detective - Arthur Canon Doyle
Unit - IV One-Act Plays
1. The Death Trap - Saki (H.H. Munro)
9
2. The Dear Departed: A Comedy in ONE-ACT- Stanley Houghton
3. The Sherif's Kitchen - Ronald Gow
4. The Anniversary - Anton Chekkov
Unit - V Communicative Grammar
Refer to the Text Panorama and Part III from Spring Board by Orient
Black Swan Pvt. Ltd
Watch Your English
Grammar, Framing Questions, Common Errors, More Grammar, Word
Building: Prefixes and Suffixes.
10
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / B.Com.(Co-op,) etc.,)
SECOND SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. Answer all the Questions
a. Arranging words in order.
b. Pick out the correct alternative.
c. Filling the gap with appropriate word to ask question.
d. Using correct preposition.
e. Filling the blank with missing preposition.
f. Correct the error.
g. Completing the analogy with the correct word.
h. Choosing the correct phrasal.
i. Completing the sentence with phrasal verb.
j. Writing the appropriate expression.
k. Arranging the sentence according to the order of adjectives.
l. Filling the blank with connective.
m. Filling the blank with proper verb.
n. Changing the sentence into negative.
o. Completing the statement by selecting the best alternative.
11
SECTION – B (4x5=20)
II. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
One-Act Plays a or b
SECTION – C (4x10=40)
III. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 200 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
One-Act Plays a or b
12
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) /B.Com. (Co-op,) etc., )
Second Year
Third Semester
Text - Reflections by Foundation Books Rs.105/-
Inspiring Lives by Maruthi Publications Rs.60/-
Unit - I Prose
1. Dress in Communication -
2. Fusion Music - Pt. Ravi Shankar
3. About "An Inconvenient Truth" - Davis Guggenheim
4. A Speech - N.R. Narayana Murthy
5. A Speech - Barack Obama
6. Unity of Minds - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Unit - II Poetry
1. The Justice of Peace - Hillari Bellock
2. A Different History - Sujata Bhatt
3. Digging - Seamus Heaney
4. I Love You Mom -
5. Ozymandias of Egypt - Percy Bysshe Shelly
6. Leave this Chanting and Singing and Telling of Beads - Rabindranath Tagore
Unit - III Short Stories
1. Happy Prince - Oscar Wilde
13
2. The Story of Stanford -
3. Engine Trouble - R.K. Narayan
4. After Twenty Years - O. Henry
5. Two Gentlemen of Verona - A.J. Cronin
6. The Avenger - Anton Chekhow.
Unit - IV Biographies from Inspiring Lives
1. Madam Curie
2. Mother Teresa
3. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
4. Dr. Amartya Kumar Sen
5. Gertrude Elion
6. Vikram Sarabhai
7. Charles Chaplin
8. Wangari Maathi
Unit - V Grammar
Refer to the exercises given in the text and Part -V from Spring Board by
Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/-
Face-to-Face
Preparing for an Interview, Win the Game of Life, The First Written
Encounter: Writing Skills.
14
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) /B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
THIRD SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (4x5=20)
I. Answer Four Questions in 100 words selecting one from each.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
Biographies a or b
SECTION – B (4x10=40)
II. Answer Four Questions each in 200 words selecting one from each.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
Biographies a or b
SECTION – C (2x5=10)
III. Answer Two questions selecting one from each.
SECTION – D (5x1=5)
IV. Answer all the Questions.
Grammar
15
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / B.Com. (Co-op,) etc.,)
Fourth Semester
Text - Six One - Act Plays by Pavai Publications Rs.50/-
Gifts to Posterity by Anu Chithra Publishers. Rs. 32/-
Building Competency A Course in Reading and Writing English by Maruthi Publications.
Rs. 50/-
Unit - I Six One-Act Plays
1. The Bishop's Candlesticks - Norman McKinnell
2. The Two Corporals - Val Gielgud
3. Wurzel-Flummery - A.A. Milne
4. Old Man River - Dorothy Deming
5. Hewers of Coal - Joe Corrie
6. Five at "The George" - Stuart Ready
Unit - II Short Stories
1. Comrades - Nadine Gardiner
2. Games at Twilight - Anita Desai
3. Gateman's Gift - R. K. Narayan
4. Open Window - Munro (Saki)
5. Some Words with a Mummy - Edgar Allan Poe
6. The Ant and the Grasshopper - Somerset Maugham
16
Unit - III Prose, Short Stories and Scenes from Shakespeare
Scenes from Shakespeare:
1. Merchant of Venice - Lines on Quality of Mercy
2. Julius Ceaser - Antony's Funeral Oration
3. Macbeth - Line from Sleep Walking Sign
Prose:
1. Little Girls are Wiser than Men - Leo Tolstoy
2. The Last Clock - James Thurber
3. How far is the River - Ruskin Bond
Unit - IV Writing Skill Exercises
Letter Writing (Formal & Informal)
Précis Writing
Paraphrasing
Comprehension
Report Writing.
Part II and Part IV from Spring Board can be used for Class room exercises to enhance the
students' communicative and presentation skills.
17
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / (Co-op,) etc.,)
FOURTH SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (4x5=20)
I. Answer Four questions selecting not less than one from each.
Either or Questions
One-Act Plays a or b
Short Stories a or b
Prose, Short Stories and Scenes from Shakespeare a or b
SECTION – B (4x10=40)
II. Answer Four questions selecting not less than one from each.
Either or Questions
One-Act Plays a or b
Short Stories a or b
Prose, Short Stories and Scenes from Shakespeare a or b 2 set of questions.
SECTION – C (3x5=15)
III. Answer Three of the following.
Writing Skills
18
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.Com./ B.B.A./ B.Com. (ISM) / B.C.A. etc.,)
First Year
First Semester
Text - Catalyst A Multilevel English Refresher by Anu Chitra Publications Rs. 90/-
Test 05 hours
Preparatory Lessons 10 Hours
Unit - I Prose 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - II Poetry 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Short Story 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - IV Abridged Novel 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
The Invisible Man by H.G. Wells (An Abridged Novel by Emerald Publishers)
Unit - V Grammar 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class)
Tense, Aspect, Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal), Negatives, Interrogatives
(Yes or No, Wh Questions) Tag questions, Completing the Sentences,
Common errors, Synonym, Antonym, Word class, Use in sentences of the
given words, phrases or idioms. (Refer to the Grammar exercises in the Text
Book)
Part -I from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/-
Sound Right
Introduction to the Sounds of the English Language, Word Stress, Strong and
Weak Forms, Sentences Stress and Intonation, Voice Modulation.
19
Second Semester
Text - Panorama English for Communications by Emerald Publishers Rs.89/-
Test 05 hours
Unit - I Prose 10 Hours
Unit - II Poems 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - III Short Stories 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - IV One-Act Plays 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Unit - V Drama 10 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class in the text itself)
Arms and the Man by Bernard Shaw (Orient Black Swan)
Unit - VI Communicative Grammar 15 Hours (including all exercises to be done in
class Refer to the Text Panorama) and
Part -III from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/- and
Watch Your English from Panorama
Grammar, Framing Questions, Common Errors, More Grammar, Word
Building: Prefixes and Suffixes.
20
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.Com./ B.B.A./ B.Com. (ISM) / B.C.A. etc.,)
First Year
First Semester
Text - Catalyst A Multilevel English Refresher by Anu Chitra Publications Rs. 90/-
Preparatory Lessons
1. Competition Matters - Suzanne Sievert
2. A Personal Crisis May Change History - Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
3. Why Preserve Biodiversity - Prof. D.Balasubramanian
4. A Call to Action - Adapted from Hillary Rodham Clinton's address.....
5. If Only there Were More like Him - Revathi Seshadri
Unit - I Prose
1. My Greatest Olympic Prize - Jesse Owens
2. If You are wrong admit it - Dale Carnegie
3. Monday Morning - Mark Twain
4. The Unexpected - Robert Lynd
Unit - II Poetry
1. Pulley or Gift of God - George Herbert
2. La Belle Dame Sans Merci - John Keats
3. The Night of the Scorpion - Night of the Scorpion
4. The Death of a Bird - A.D. Hope
21
Unit - III Short Story
1. Mrs. Packletide's Tiger - Saki
2. A Snake in the Grass - R.K. Narayan
3. Three Questions - Leo Tolstoy
4. The Gift of the Magi - O. Henry
Unit - IV
The Invisible Man by H.G. Wells (An Abridged Novel) by Emerald Publishers. Rs.38/-
Unit - V Grammar
Tense, Aspect, Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal), Negatives, Interrogatives
(Yes or No, Wh Questions) Tag questions, completing the sentences,
Common errors, Synonym, Antonym, Word class, Use in sentences of
words. (Refer to the Grammar exercises in the Text Book)
Grammar Reference Book Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd
Rs.95/-
Part -I
Sound Right
Introduction to the Sounds of the English Language, Word Stress, Strong and
Weak Forms, Sentences Stress and Intonation, Voice Modulation.
22
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.Com./ B.B.A./ B.Com. (ISM) / B.C.A. etc.,)
FIRST SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. Answer all the Questions
a. Writing two words pronounced with /a:/ sound.
b. Marking the stress of the words.
c. Marking the strong and weak form.
d. Writing the sentences with contracted forms.
e. Marking the stressed words in sentences.
f. Rewriting the sentence using an introductory it or there.
g. Filling the blanks with suitable articles.
h. Using appropriate prepositions.
i. Framing suitable question.
j. Filling the blanks using appropriate adjectival form of the word given in brackets.
k. Filling the blanks with suitable forms of the verb given in brackets.
l. Antonyms of the following without using prefixes.
m. Changing the following sentences into negative.
n. Filling the blank with connective.
o. Reported Speech.
23
SECTION – B (4x5=20)
II. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
Abridged Novel a or b
SECTION – C (4x10=40)
III. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
Abridged Novel a or b
24
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.Com./ B.B.A./ B.Com. (ISM) / B.C.A. etc.,)
Second Semester
Text - Panorama English for Communication by Emerald Publishers Rs.89/-
Unit - I Prose
1. The Refugee - K.A. Abbas
2. The Lion and The Lamb - Leonard Clark
3. The Lady or the Tiger? - Frank R. Stockton
4. The Sky is the limit - Kalpana Chawla
Unit - II Poems
1. The Solitary Reaper - William Wordsworth
2. Gift - Alice Walker
3. O What is that Sound - W. H. Auden
4. Ode to the West Wind - P.B. Shelly
Unit - III Short Stories
1. The Fortune-Teller - Karel Capek
2. The Postmaster - Rabindranath Tagore
3. The Model Millionaire - Oscar Wilde
4. The Dying Detective - Arthur Canon Doyle
25
Unit - IV One-Act Plays
1. The Death Trap - Saki (H.H. Munro)
2. The Dear Departed: A Comedy in ONE-ACT- Stanley Houghton
3. The Sherif's Kitchen - Ronald Gow
4. The Anniversary - Anton Chekkov
Unit - V Drama
Arms and the Man by Bernard Shaw (Drama) by Orient BlackSwan. Rs.60/-
Unit - VI Communicative Grammar - Refer to the Text - Panorama
Part III from Spring Board by Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd Rs.95/-
Watch Your English
Grammar, Framing Questions, Common Errors, More Grammar, Word
Building: Prefixes and Suffixes.
26
QUESTION PATTERN
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.Com./ B.B.A./ B.Com. (ISM) / B.C.A. etc.,)
SECOND SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. Answer all the Questions
a. Arranging words in order.
b. Pick out the correct alternative.
c. Filling the gap with appropriate word to ask question.
d. Using correct preposition.
e. Filling the blank with missing preposition.
f. Correct the error.
g. Completing the analogy with the correct word.
h. Choosing the correct phrasal.
i. Completing the sentence with phrasal verb.
j. Writing the appropriate expression.
k. Arranging the sentence according to the order of adjectives.
l. Filling the blank with connective.
m. Filling the blank with proper verb.
n. Changing the sentence into negative.
o. Completing the statement by selecting the best alternative.
27
SECTION – B (5x4=20)
II. Answer FIVE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
One-Act Plays a or b
Drama a or b
SECTION – C (5x8=40)
III. Answer FIVE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
Either or Questions
Prose a or b
Poetry a or b
Short Stories a or b
One-Act Plays a or b
Drama a or b
28
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / B.Com.(Co-op,) etc.,)
FIRST SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. 1. Answer all the Questions
a. Write two words pronounced with / a: / sound.
b. Mark the stress of the words.
1) Always 2) Account
c. Mark the strong and weak form.
1) That ice cream looks nice. Do you want some?
2) I'm really thirsty. There is some orange juice in the kitchen.
d. Write the following sentences with contracted forms.
1) I will call you back in half an hour.
2) We would like to get an early reply.
e. Mark the stressed words in the following sentences.
1) Swimming is one of the healthiest forms of exercise.
2) Necessity is the mother of invention.
f. Rewrite the following sentence using an introductory it or there.
1) To inform him is important.
g. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
1) ______ encyclopaedia is _______ useful book.
h. Use appropriate preposition given in brackets.
29
1) He is confident ________ (of / about) his success.
i. Frame suitable question to the following.
1) This is Radha's bag.
j. Fill in the blanks using appropriate adjectival form of the word given in brackets.
1) Cancer ________ (cure) if detected early.
k. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verb given in brackets.
1) This type of transistors _______ (be) no longer available.
l. Give the antonymn of the following without using prefixes.
1) Voluntary 2) Inhale.
m. Change the following sentences into negative.
1) The showman walked by the side of the caravans.
n. Fill in the blank with connective.
1) The Supermarket made a profit last year.________ it had to close down this year
because of poor sales.
o. Rewrite in reported speech.
1) "Please close the door, Selvi", I said.
SECTION – B (5x3=15)
II. Answer FIVE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 30 words.
2. a) Why did Owens become hot under the collar before the trials.
Or
b) Why Harvey's boss treat him with respect?
3. a) Why does God call rest the jewel of blessings?
Or
b) Where did the knight meet the beautiful lady?
4. a) Why did the villagers agree to help Mrs. Packletide?
Or
b) Why did Dasa triumphantly ask, "Where was the snake"?
5. a) What was picturesque about Pickett?
Or
30
b) Where did the scorpion hide itself?
6. a) "I watched the flame feeding on the mother" - Comment.
Or
b) Why did the family wonder whether there were two snakes in the grass.
SECTION – C (3x5=15)
III. Answer THREE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
7. a) How did Luz Long help Jesse Owens?
Or
b) How did Harvey handle a tense situation and win the admiration of his boss?
8. a) How does Herbert play with the word rest?
Or
b) What were the effects of scorpion sting on the mother and on others around her?
9. a) What were the questions that the king wanted to be answered?
Or
b) How did the villagers help Mrs. Packletide?
SECTION – D (3x10=30)
IV. Answer THREE QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 200 words.
10. a) How Luz Long exemplify the true sporting spirit?
Or
b) How does the grand plan of Tom on a Monday fail?
11. a) How does Herbert project Nature, God of Nature and man?
Or
b) Narrate the sad tale of the Knight at arms?
12. a) Consider Mrs. Pakletide's Tiger as a social satire?
Or
b) Describe the search for the snake and how it ended?
31
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / B.Com.(Co-op,) etc.,)
SECOND SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. 1. Answer all Questions
a) Form affirmative statement using the given word or phrase by arranging them in proper
word order.
am practising I basement the drums in the
b) Pick out the correct alternative.
Everyone _____ to parties
d like going
loves going
loves to go
c) Fill the gap with appropriate word to ask question.
___________ time will get there, Sir? asked Ram.
d) Fill in the blank with the correct preposition chosen from those given in brackets.
We will be gone ______ two days (for, since)
e) Fill in the blank with the missing preposition we made our report _______ triplicate.
f) Correct the error in the following sentence.
In the class, children were having arithmetic lesson.
g) Complete the analogy by writing the correct word on the blank line.
Open is to close as near is to ________ (far, close, shut)
32
h) Choose the correct phrasal to fill in the blank.
Thieves broke ________ and stole all the valuables.
i) Complete the following sentence, using the phrasal verb given in brackets.
Here is another pair of shoes. You can ______ (try on).
j) Write the appropriate expression to ask for permission.
Brother: Am I permitted to use your computer/
Sister: Sure: But stop talking like a grammar book.
k) Arrange the following into a sentence according to the order of adjectives.
i) a leather, black, bag
ii) a black, old, wooden , toy.
l) Fill in the blank with a connective.
The supermarket made a profit last year _____ it had to be closed down this
year because of poor sale.
m) Fill in the blank with proper form of a verb.
I think you ought _______ told me.
n) Change the following into the negative.
The boy was really awed by the story.
o) Complete the following statement by selecting the best alternative from the bracket.
Mary bought four __________ (loaf/loaves) of bread.
SECTION – B (4x5=20)
II. Answer Four Questions in 100 words, selecting one from each.
2. a) What were Maanji's thoughts when she moved out of Rawalpindi?
Or
b) Who were the people who went in search of the lion as soon as it escaped.
3. a) Describe the song of the solitary reaper?
Or
b) Give a description of the sound heard by Auden.
4. a) How was Macheary able to book Mrs. Myers.
Or
33
b) List the merits and demerits of Hughie Erskine.
5. a) How did the ole man punish the daughters for their greed?
Or
b) How did the prince take revenge on the treacherous guards?
SECTION – C (4x10=40)
III. Answer Four Questions in 200 words, selecting one from each.
6. a) Narrate the story of "The Lion and the Lamb"?
Or
b) How did the semi barbaric king refine the people?
7. a) How does the poet bring out the pathos of lost-love being not so painful as the
accusation was charged against her?
Or
b) Write a summary of the poem what is the sound bringing out the feeling of the
lady?
8. a) Friendship and separation are an inevitable part of life. Comment referring to the
story “The Postmaster”?
Or
b) Explain title of the story "Model Millionaire"?
9. a) Write an essay on the appropriate of the title " Death Trap"?
Or
b) Write an essay on the element of humour in the play The Dear Departed?
34
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / (Co-op,) etc.,)
THIRD SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (4x5=20)
I. Answer Four questions in 100 words selecting one from each.
1. a) What in this world can break you in many situations. Do you agree with this view?
Give reasons?
Or
b) How did Narayanan Murthy convert the negative experience in Bulgaria into
something positive?
2. a) How does the speaker challenge his opponent? What is his strength over the
opponent?
Or
b) What does the oppressors language do to the oppressed people according to
Sujatha Bhatt?
3. a) How did the narrator come to own a road engine?
Or
b) What kind of relationship did the narrator have with his friend Jimmy wells?
4. a) Write about the oppression of Polish people by the Czar of Russia?
Or
b) How did Vikram Sarabhai set up physical Research Laboratory?
35
SECTION – B (4x10=40)
II. Answer Four questions in 200 words selecting one from each.
5. a) Comment on the three facts of George's personality - human, religious and
professional as seen through Pandit Ravishankar’s memoir?
Or
b) What is Obama's perception of change and message?
6. a) The poem Digging is about man's reaction to doing a certain job. Discuss.
Or
b) Write a Character sketch of Ozymandia based on your reading of the poem?
7. a) How were the couple in the story of Stanford different form most rich people?
Or
b) In which ways is “The Happy Prince" different form the conventional fairy tale?
8. a) Write an essay on the experiences of Subramanyan Chandrasekar?
Or
b) Give an account of the achievement of Amarty Sen?
SECTION – C (2x5=10)
III. Answer Two questions selecting one from each.
9. a) List out the things that you have to take for an interview.
Or
b) What may be the few possible reasons for rejection.
10. a) Draft a resume for the job of a manager in a company.
Or
b) Write an essay on learning a second language.
SECTION – D (5x1=5)
IV. Answer all questions
11. a) We stayed over time and completed the project (Change into a simple sentence)
36
b) He makes it a point to go to Tripathi.................. (Complete the sentence with a
subordinate clause)
c) We don't know why he was absent (Change the underlined clause into a phrase)
d) Use one of the phrases in sentences of your own As soon As. In Spite of.
e) Use one of the phrases in sentences of your own Get rid of, In connection with.
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
COMMON TO ALL UNDER GRADUATE COURSES AND POST GRADUATE FIVE YEAR
INTEGRATED COURSES WHO STUDY PART II - ENGLISH FOR FOUR SEMESTERS ONLY
(i.e. B.A./ B.Sc./ B.Com. (CS) / (Co-op,) etc., )
FOURTH SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (4x5=20)
I. Answer Four questions in 100 words selecting not less than one from each.
1. a) Describe the Bishop's encounter with the thief?
Or
b) "Learn from my failure", says Napoleon. What was his failure?
2. a) Describe the meeting between Madame Loisel and Madame Forester after ten
years.
Or
b) What are the gifts given by the gateman?
3. a) Describe the quality of mercy.
Or
b) Who speaks in the sleep walking scene?
37
4. a) Describe the reaction of the girls to the flood?
Or
b) Bring out the significance of the clock?
SECTION – B (4x10=40)
II. Answer any Four in 200 words of the following.
5. a) How is Dick a public hero number one?
Or
b) Narrate the circumstances leading to the discovery of the murderer in "Five at
Geroges".
6. a) How did Quinquart win Suzanne?
Or
b) What were the circumstances that compelled the authorities of St. Austin's college
to alter the rules for the sixth form poetry prize.
7. a) Describe the powerful message of Antony's funeral oration Speech.
Or
b) Describe the speech of the Sleep Walking Scene.
8. a) Bring out the humour in Wuzzel Flummery?
Or
b) Narrate the story of Open Window by Munro?
Or
c) What happened in the church, in her marriage ceremony
SECTION – C (3X5=15)
III. 9. Write a Précis for the following passage. (5)
Most of the new homes being built in the U.S. are low one-storey structures that hug
the ground and blend with their natural setting, and follow contemporary architectural
concepts that stress simplicity, space, comfort, efficiency, beauty and ease of care. Many are
designed to reveal the intrinsic beauty of their construction materials, such as wood and
stone, and have patios o other areas for indoor-outdoor living. Although some of the new
38
houses have smooth lines and expanses of glass, others are more conservative, and include in
their exterior design touches of older traditional architectural forms.
The invention of the skyscraper in America came as an answer to crowded city space
and high land costs. It was engineered and invented by a succession of architects who
realized that steel framed buildings did need to have one story piled atop another for support,
but that walls could be fitted onto a steel frame. The invention of structural steel made
possible the skeleton steel frame, an d together with the elevator, made possible the skeleton
steel frame, and together with the elevator, made possible the invention of the skyscraper.
The highest skyscraper in the U.S. today is the Empire State Building in New York which has
102 stories and is 1,472 feet (449 meters) high.
10. Write a Paraphrase of the following poem. (5)
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils:
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They sgtreched in neve-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in springly dance.
11. a) Write a report of an accident that you seen in your area. (5)
Or
b) Sum up your views on barriers of communication and suggest your tips for
overcoming it.
39
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
FOR UG / INTEGRATED P.G STUDENTS WHO STUDY PART - II ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTER
ONLY
(B.COM, B.B.A, B.C.A, B.Com. (I SM), etc.,)
FIRST SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. Answer all the Questions
a. Write two words pronounced with / a: / sound.
b. Mark the stress of the words.
i) Always ii) Account
c. Mark the strong and weak form.
i) That ice cream looks nice. Do you want some?
ii) I'm really thirsty. There is some orange juice in the kitchen.
d. Write the following sentences with contracted forms.
i) I will call you back in half an hour.
ii) We would like to get an early reply.
e. Mark the stressed words in the following sentences.
i) Swimming is one of the healthiest forms of exercise.
ii) Necessity is the mother of invention.
f. Rewrite the following sentence using an introductory it or there.
i) To inform him is important.
g. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
i) ______ encyclopaedia is _______ useful book.
40
h. Use appropriate preposition given in brackets.
i) He is confident ________ (of / about) his success.
i. Frame suitable question to the following.
i) This is Radha's bag.
j. Fill in the blanks using appropriate adjectival form of the word given in brackets.
i) Cancer ________ (cure) if detected early.
k. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verb given in brackets.
i) This type of transistors _______ (be) no longer available.
l. Give the antonymn of the following without using prefixes.
i) Voluntary ii) Inhale.
m. Change the following sentences into negative.
i) The showman walked by the side of the caravans.
n. Fill in the blank with connective.
i) The Supermarket made a profit last year.________ it had to close down this year
because of poor sales.
o. Rewrite in reported speech.
i) "Please close the door, Selvi", I said.
SECTION – B (4X5=20)
II. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 100 words.
2. a) How did Luz Long help Jesse Owens?
Or
b) How did Harvey handle a tense situation and win the admiration of his boss?
3. a) How does Herbert play with the word rest?
Or
b) What were the effects of scorpion sting on the mother and on other around her?
4. a) What were the questions that the king wanted to be answered?
Or
b) How did the villagers help Mrs. Packletide?
41
5. a) Why was Henfrey taken aback on seeing the stranger in "The Invisible Man"?
Or
b) How did the Iping humorists tease the stranger in "The Invisible Man"?
SECTION –C (4x10=40)
III. Answer FOUR QUESTIONS selecting not less than one from each in 200 words.
6. a) How Luz Long exemplify the true sporting spirit?
Or
b) How does the grand plan of Tom on a Monday fail?
7. a) How does Herbert project Nature, God of Nature and man?
Or
b) Narrate the sad tale of the Knight at armas?
8. a) Consider Mrs. Pakletide's Tiger as a social satire?
Or
b) Describe the search for the snake and how it ended?
9. a) Describe about the burglary at the vicarage in "The Invisible Man".
Or
b) Explain about the Griffin's adventure in the Emporium in "The Invisible Man".
42
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
PART II - ENGLISH
(Effective from the academic year 2014 - 2015 for the students admitted
from 2014 - 2015)
FOR UG / INTEGRATED P.G STUDENTS WHO STUDY PART - II ENGLISH FOR TWO SEMESTER
ONLY
(B.COM, B.B.A, B.C.A, B.Com. (I SM), etc.,)
SECOND SEMESTER
Time 3 Hours Maximum 75 Marks
SECTION – A (15x1=15)
I. 1. Answer all Questions
a)Form affirmative statement using the given word or phrase by arranging them in proper
word order.
am practising I basement the drums in the
b) Pick the correct alternative.
Everyone _____ to parties
d like going
loves going
loves to go
c) Fill the gap with appropriate word to ask question.
___________ time will get there, Sir? asked Ram.
d) Fill in the blank with the correct preposition chosen from those given in brackets.
We will be gone ______ two days (for, since)
e) Fill in the blank with the missing preposition we made our report _______ triplicate.
f) Correct the error in the following sentence.
In the class, children were having arithmetic lesson.
g) Complete the analogy by writing the correct word on the blank line.
Open is to close as near is to ________ (far, close, shut)
h) Choose the correct phrasal to fill in the blank.
Thieves broke ________ and stole all the valuables.
43
i) Complete the following sentence, using the phrasal verb given in brackets.
Here is another pair of shoes. You can ______ (try on)
j) Write the appropriate expression to ask for permission.
Brother: Am I permitted to use your computer/
Sister: Sure: But stop talking like a grammar book.
k) Arrange the following into a sentence according to the order of adjectives.
i) a leather, black, bag
ii) a black, old, wooden , toy.
l) Fill in the blank with a connective.
The supermarket made a profit last year _____ it had to be closed down this
year because of poor sale.
m) Fill in the blank with proper form of a verb.
I think you ought _______ told me.
n) Change the following into the negative.
The boy was really awed by the story.
o) Complete the following statement by selecting the best alternative.
Mary bought four __________ (loaf/loaves) of bread.
SECTION – B (5x4=20)
II. Answer Five Questions in 100 words, selecting one from each.
2. a) What were Maanji's thoughts when she moved out of Rawalpindi?
Or
b) Who were the people who went in search of the lion as soon as it escaped.
3. a) Describe the song of the solitary reaper?
Or
b) Give a descriptive of the sound heard by Auden.
4. a) How was Macheary able to book Mrs. Myers.
Or
b) List the merits and demerits of Hughie Erskine.
44
5. a) how did the ole man punish the daughters for their greed?
Or
b) How did the prince take revenge on the treacherous guards?
6. a) Examine the relationship between Louka and Nicola in "Arms and the Man".
Or
b) What effect does the entry of Bluntschli have on the petkoffs in "Arms and the
Man"?
SECTION – C (5X8=40)
III. Answer Five Questions, selecting one from each.
7. a) Narrate the story of "The Lion and the Lamb"?
Or
b) How did the semi barbaric king refine the people?
8. a) How does the poet bring out the pathos of lost-love being not so painful as the
accusation was charged against her?
Or
b) Write a summary of the poem what is the sound bringing out the feeling of the
lady?
9. a) Friendship and separation are an inevitable part of life. Comment referring to the
story “The Postmaster”?
Or
b) Explain title of the story "Model Millionaire"?
10. a) Write an essay on the appropriate of the title "Death Trap"?
Or
b) Write an essay on the element of humour in the play The Dear Departed?
11. a) Discuss Arms and the Man as a social satire.
Or
b) Is Bluntschli the hero of the play in "Arms and the Man"? Discuss.
************
A.C.S.’13.

Higher studies and Career Perspective for B.A English Lit students

Education and Career pathway for B.A English Graduates

In the current scenario, a student who graduates with flying colours will automatically be directed to the success of path in life. The course B.A English basically moulds the student as a good human being with a great sense and taste for life.

The educational aspect for a student with B.A English degree is as follow,

·         M.A English, M.A in Comparative literature and M.A in women’ s studies can be persuaded in standard central Universities like Central University of TamilNadu in Thiruvarur, JNU, Delhi University, Univ. of Madras and Pondicherry Central University etc. All the state and Central Universities in India offers M.A English.

·         Apart from the major and minor universities, this course is also available in all the reputed Govt. Aided colleges and a few private colleges.

·         M.A English Linguistics courses are offered by EFLU Hyderabad and its branch is available in Lucknow (Uttarpradesh) too.  

·         Recently IIT Madras and IIT Kanpur also offer M.A English and Development Studies as a Five year integrated course. This can be persuaded by the students immediately after +2.

·         To secure a seat in universities, one has to apply in online for the entrance. However for the aided colleges, marks in B.A English play a major role in securing marks.

CAREER PERSPECTIVE FOR ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS:

Lecturer: This is the most sought out profession by an English literature student.

Eligibility- M.A with NET or SET or PhD for securing a placement in Government and Government Aided colleges.

                  M.A with M.Phil is mandatory for working as a lecturer in Arts and Science College and Engineering College.

                  M.A English alone is enough to work in a Polytechnic college.

                  M.A with PGCTE and PGDTE qualification from EFLU (English Foreign Language University) can easily secure jobs in abroad. Assistant Professor Job opportunities are also available in Arab countries.

Teacher: B.A English with B. Ed will earn a placement in school.

                  B.A English with a pass qualification in CTET (Central teacher Eligibility Test) will fetch as a central govt. Job in schools throughout India.

                  B.A with TET (Teacher’s Eligibility Test) will secure a state government school teacher job in the respective state.

                  B.A English with the qualification certificate from Cambridge IGCSE course can work in International schools with good pay. The countries like Singapore and China extend a warm welcome for English teachers.

                  The teachers with M.A., B. Ed qualification can work as teacher in state government schools as P.G assistant.

Other Job Opportunities:

A person with B.A English can effectively tackle Civil service exams like UPSC, TNPSC and RRB etc.

Publishing Company- A student with B.A degree can work as a proof reader, copy editor, and creative writer. Some Universities offer short term diploma and certificate course in the above area but however one can easily learn the job in due course of time.

Web content writer-This job involves the designing of web. It involves a little bit of creative writing. In the modern world this work is gaining momentum and a person with good English knowledge is welcomed with red carpet.

Advertisement companies, MNC and BPO’s also keenly look out for English Literature graduates.

If a B.A graduate has flair for writing he/she can become a writer, poet and a free lance writer. Free lance writing can be taken as a part time job and it fetches attractive pay.

In addition jobs are media. One can perform as Anchor, comparer, News reader. The clerical job is also available in both the media and the journalism. In journalism field also an English graduate can work as a proof reader, copy editor and technical writer. With the advent of e-publishing companies online jobs are available for English graduates.

 

II B. A Reflections Part II English prose, poems, Short story and inspiring lives-collected summaries from other sources

INSPIRING LIVES

1. MADAM CURIE

Introduction:

            Madame Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. Curie was the fifth child for her parents. Among the few women scientist, her discovery of radio-active elements-polonium and radium has more significance. It Caused a drastic change in the field of science especially with relevance to the treatment of cancer. She is rightly awarded with two Noble prizes.

Her Early Life

Madam Curie who is fondly called as manya was born in a country which was not independent for almost a century. She faced emotional and economic Crisis. She lost her sister and instability in job made the life miserable. She has to simultaneously fight the deteriorating financial status and the depressing treatment of Curie by Russia.

EDUCTION

            Manya was a bright child from her young age and always she stood first in the class. She won gold medal after the completion of secondary education. Despite the nervous breakdown after the higher education and the missing of medicine admission in university of Warsow, She gained knowledge thought the education in floating university. Her early knowledge of science learned from her father enhanced her skill in science.

LIFE IN PARIS

            Bronia, Manya’s sister and her husband invited Manya to Paris. she joined the Sorbonne, a famous Parisian university. She had the opportunity to meet great physicists in Paris. She changed her name to French ‘marie’ as she was called at French university. She came first in physical science and she started her research in Lipmann’s Research Laboratory. Her acquaintance with pierce in the spring of 1894 changed her life. They got married on July 25, 1895.

DISCOVERY AND ACHIEVEMENTS

            Marie Curie and her husband together carried out the experiments on uranium. She did her doctoral research and found out thorium. Marie curie was awarded the doctorate of science in June 1903 and her husband was awarded the Davy medal of the Royal society. In 1903, they both won a Noble prize in physics. The sudden death of pierce was a bitter flaw but however she persuaded her research and out of hard work, she achieved a lot. She saw the completion of Radium institution at the University of Paris. Later this centre became a university centre for physics and chemistry. Her service during Second World War by the invention of X-ray is most noteworthy.

            Her discovery of radium has changed the modern science. No wonder she was conferred upon 15 gold medals, 19 degrees and many honors.

2.      SUBRAHMANYAN

            Chandrasekhar, nephew of Sir C.V. Raman was born in Lahore on 19^th October, 1910 as the first son of Chandrasekhar Subrahmanya Iyer and Sita Balakrishnan. Both the father and mother were high intellectuals. His father was the depth Auditor General in Railways to translate Henric Ibser’s A doll house into Tamil.

            As a child he did not receive any formal education but was given a private tuition till the age of twelve due to the transfer of his father to madras in 1918. He had an opportunity to study in Hindu high school at Triplicane. He had his bachelor’s degree in science from presidency college. He pursued his studies in Astronomy and physics in Cambridge university. His research became intense with the introduction of people like Edward Milne and Arthur Eddington.

            He completed his Ph.D under the guidance of professor R.H.Fowler. After the completion of Ph.D in 1933 he was selected for the fellowship of Trinity College.           From the beginning to the end of his life, Chandrasekhar was very much interested in astrophysics. Eddington’s book the internal constitution of stars kindled his profound thought and he contradicted the notion that all stars become white dwarfs. Chandrasekhar applied Quantum physics and relativity to Edding Ton’s calculations and concluded that only stars of modest or law mass could become white dwarfs but not the massive stars. This upper limit of 1.44 times is called as Chandrasekhar limit.

            He also added that a white dwarf is the last stage in the evolution of a star such as the sun. Though sir Arthur Eddington attacked him, after Several years of attempt his theory was proved right. He moved to the University of Chicago in 1937. The famous American astronomer otto struve offered him position. In 1936 he married Lalitha Doriaswany. He has published more than ten books. He won the Nobel prize in physics for his black hole theory. His students won the Nobel prize even before him. He has guided ever 50 students for their Ph.D. He is known as one of the best teacher in university of Chicago. His books are always referred as a classical work in Astrophysics. This Nobel Laureate died of heart failure on 21^st. August in the university of Chicago hospitals. He was 84 years old at the time of death.

3.      MOTHER TERASA

            Agnese Gonxhe Bonjarhiv who is well known as mother Teresa to us was born on August 26, 1910 in Skopje. She considered her baptization day August 27 as her birthday. After the loss of her father, she was brought up by her Roman Catholic mother. At the age of 12, she committed herself to religious life. However, after joining the missionary, she never saw her mother or sister.

            She took her first religious vows on May 24, 1931. She chose the name Teresa after a patron Saint. Initially she served as a teacher at the Loreto convent school in eastern Calcutta. Famine and riot in India disturbed her. After experiencing “the call within the call” she decided to serve the poor leaving the convent. She began her work for poor in 1948. After beginning a school in motijhil, she started catering the needs of destitute and starving. Teresa received Vatican permission on October 7, 1950 to start missionaries of charity. The charity that began with 13 members grew into a missionary that had 4000 nuns running orphanages.

            Kalighat home for dying later become Nirmal hriday and Nirmala Shishu Bhavan cared for the orphans and homeless youth. The missionaries of charity brothers was founded in 1963 and a Branch of the sisters followed in 1976. Not only in India but she travelled through the war zone to the devastated hospital to evacuate the young patients. She assisted the hungry in Ethiopia, radiation victims at earth quake victims in America. By 1996, she operated 517 missions in more than 100 countries.

           Despite bad health and subsequent heart failures she was requested to hold the position as head of the order. She stepped down from the head of missionaries of charity on march 13, 1997 and died on September 5, 1997. At the time of her death, the missionary had 4000 sisters, associated brotherhood countries, 610 missions in 123 countries. This included home for AIDS.

            Mother Teresa has got numerous award. She was awarded the Padmashri in 1962. In 1980 she received the Indian’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. A film was released about her in 1969 with the title something beautiful for God. The same movie was released as book in 1971. During this year, paul VI awarded her the first pope John xxii peace prize. She refused the conventional ceremonial banquet given to laureates and asked that the $192,000 funds be given to the poor in India. She asked the people to go home and love their family. Her death was moved devoid of caste, religion and colour.

Renowned person throughout the world paid tribute to mother Teresa on her death. She is rated as the “most admired person of the 20^th century.” She is the only person who was admired both during the life time and death.

4.      Dr. AMARTYA KUMARSEN

             Dr. Amartya Kumar sen won the Nobel prize for economics in October 1998. He was born on November 3, 1933 at Shantiniketan Bengal. His father was Ashutosh sen and mother was Amita. He was christered as “Amartya” which means immortal in Sanskrit. Amartya had his early education in St. Georgory’s school Dhaka. Initially at the young age, he planned to become a teacher and researcher. He tried with Sanskirt, Maths and Physics but finally settled death for economics. His education in Shantinketan gave him a great exposure.

During his teenage in the mid-1940 he Visualised an incident which made him to think about the poverty. One afternoon in Dhaka, a man named Khadar mia was stabbed to death in a communal rioy. Partly it was due to the cause of poverty. Despite the attempt of Amartya’s father to rescue him, he died on his way to the hospital. He was repeatedly mourning about his family. It gave a clue to the economic limitation.  In the form of extreme poverty that person becomes a helpless prey.

Amartya moulded himself at presidency college, Calcutta. His idea was radically broadened by the educational excellence. His great teachers are Bhabutosh Datta, Tapas Maumdar and Dinesh Bhattacharya. He was influenced by the ideas of the “left”. He had the quality of doing service to the people and thought widely about the poor and the landless rural laborers.

After the collegiate education in presidency, Amartya sen moved from Calcutta to Cambridge to study at Trinity college. He graduated with B.A. economics from Cambridge. He completed his Ph.D thesis under the supervision of the famous economics methodologist. He became the head of the newly inaugurated department of Economics at Jadaupur university. Being the winner of various fellowships, he also expanded his studies into philosophy. His contribution to the growth of Delhi school of Economics is immense. He joined hands with the eminent economist K.N.Ray and plunged himself into the social choice theory.

He suffered from oral cancer and in 1985 he was shifted to America. He involved himself in analyzing the perspective on welfare economics and political philosophy. He always had a strong attention for this motherland and therefore he would not stay away from this land even for six months. He spent all his money on pratichi trust which did social and charity work in India. This trust took care of literary basic health care and gender equality.

He has published over twenty books and has won many awards like Indira Gandhi Gold Medal Award of the Asiatic society 1994, Nobel prize and Eisenhower medal USA for the year 2000. He is rightly called as mother Teresa of Economics. His idea had a global impact. Till his death he continued his work and academic teaching as master at Trinity college, Cambridge UK.

5.      GERTRUDE ELION

Gertrude Belle Elion was born in New York City on January 23, 1918. Her father and mother belonged to Lithuania and Polland respectively Elion was called as Trudy. She was very talented and therefore when she was twelve double promotions was granted to her. She got her bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from Hunter college in 1937. The whole world looked Trudy with strange eyes as she wanted to become a chemist when no women were doing that.

After her experience in hospital and school, she pursued her master’s degree in 1941 from New York university. Even after the master’s degree she kept working for $7.50 a day. The second world war gave her a break. As there were only few men to work women employees and she got due importance. Initially she started testing the acidity of pickles. Ahead  of time, Trudy talked about synthesis and her knowledge sought the position of biochemist in 1944. She the next 39 years at Burroughs welcome becoming head of the department of experimental therapy in 1967.

She visited many libraries to gain knowledge about the notion of making compounds. She eventually ended up in finding drug for childhood leukemia. She was always closely associated with Dr.Hitchings. Even after becoming the scientist emeritus, she remained active in her field as an advisor to many organizations including the world health organization and the American Association for cancer Research. She was always a good teacher and she made herself available to the students. She was awarded the Nobel prize in physiology in 1988.

She did not have any aim to win the Nobel prize. Her only aim was to cure the patients. she remained active in research and held professorship at Duke university and the university of North Carolina and ohio state university. She was elected to membership in the national academy of sciences in 1990. Her pass times were photography, music and travel. Her thirst for travel knew no bounds. Dr. Elion describes the beauty of his wife in blue dress during the noble prize ceremony.

Trudy’s husband Jon Elion brings out the real character of Elion by describing an incident. There were two letters that were received after Elion’s death from two different people. One letter was from a young girl and the other one was from university president. As Elion would have done, her husband took time to write a reply only to the school girl. Till the end of her life she had led a life of a good human being. He also dispatched a copy of Trudy’s last book to the girl. 

6.      VIKRAM SARABHAI

He was born on 12 August, 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat state in western India. His family was very rich. His parents are Ambalal and Sarladevi Vikram Sarabhai. He was one of the eight children of Ambalai and Sarala devi. During the freedom struggle, many freedom fighters visited his house and that had a lot of influence on him.

Vikram Sarabhai moved to England and joined the St. John’s college after passing the inter mediate science examination. After the second world war Sarabhai returned to India and joined the Indian Institute of Science in Banglore. He began his research in cosmic rays under the guidance of Sir C.V.Raman, a Nobel prize winner. He was awarded a phd degree in Cambridge in 1947 for his thesis called cosmic Ray investigation. Vikram Sarabhai married a well-known classical dancer Mrinalini Sarabai. His daughter Mallika Sarabhai renowned dancer. He contributed a lot to the development of space research in India. He founded the physical research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmadabad on November 11, 1947. He was only 28 at that time.

Dr.Homi Jehangir Bhabha widely regarded as the father of Indian nuclear science program. He supported Dr.Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. It was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram. As a result of his effort, the first Indian satellite Aryabhata was out in orbit in 1975. Always he had a love for the study of cosmic rays despite the interest in space program. He realized the importance of study in cosmic rays. He also founded a community science centre at Ahmadabad in 1966. At present it is called as Vikrama Sarabhai community science centre.

His setup of ATIRA (Ahradabad textiles industrial research association) helped the booming textiles business in Ahmadabad. His another major contribution is CEPT (Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology). His service mind is evident from the formation of Blind men association. He has won many awards like Padma Bhusan, Padma Vibushan and Shanti Swarup, Bhatneyar. He died on 30 December 1972 at Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The India can never forget the service rendered by Vikram Sarabhai.

PROSE

1.  DRESS IN COMMUNCATION

            This prose piece discusses the importance of dress code that will communicate one’s character and attitude to the others. The prose begins with the quote “clothes make the man (or woman)”. Though this expression seems to be a slight exaggeration still it holds good in many cases as people have a tendency to judge a person by his/her dressing style. The first impression is mother instantly formed by the dress. This is especially true in the job interview setting.

A dress is mean to convey non-verbal clues like personality, education, background, financial status and credibility. The dress adds dignity to a profession. In society contain “looks” have specific meanings. A well-groomed person can attract people in a positive way. Dress also can convey our moods like anger, aggressiveness and depression. Textures and lines of clothing also transmit silent messages soft textures invite human contact and closeness while crisp textures may indicate that a person wants to be regarded as efficient.

Interpreting dress code becomes an important strategy while establishing close contacts with people on a daily basis. as we gather messages from others through dress code so we are transmitting about ourselves to others. Our clothing can be a self- portrait. A right aspect of dress of grooming can inspire confidence in abilities and judgment with self-esteem.

2. A SPEECH BY N.R.NARAYANA MURTHY

            This speech was rendered by N.R.Narayana Murthy, Chief Mentor and Chairman of Board, Infosys technologies on May 9 of the New York University (stern school of business). In this graduation ceremony, he thanks Dean Cooley and Prof. Marty Subrahmanyam for inviting him to deliver a lecture. He shares his life lessons to motivate the students. At first he acknowledges a famous computer scientist from United States who opened up a forum by suggesting a few papers on computer field to be read in the library. The knowledge from an unknown source motivated him to study computer science.

            After narrating the above incident, he recollects his experience in Nis, a border, town between Serbia and Bulgaria. He along with a French girl was confiscated under suspicion over the discussion and criticism on the communist government of Bulgaria. After 10 and hours of starvation he was relieved only for the reason that he hails from India. This incident made him to arrive at a conclusion that “the entrepreneurship”, resulting in large scale job creation, was the only viable mechanism for eradication poverties in societies. The sequence in Bulgaria – eventually led to the foundation of Infosys in 1981.

            Next two incidents were related to the Infosys journey. After nine years of toil in India the five board members of Infosys among the seven met in a small office at a leafy Bangalore suburb. All stood up for the sale of Infosys for $ 1 million but without a penny in pocket he afford to buy the company himself as he did not wish to sell it. At last the idea of selling was given up and the same company created more that 70,000 well-paying jobs, 2000-plus dollar-millionaires and 20,000 plus rupee millionaires.

            The last narration is about the encounter with fortune -10 corporations who were tougher in case of negotiation. Though they were initially nervous, at the end Murthy’s openness led to the creation of a council called Risk Mitigation council. This council led to a great success. From Murthy’s speech it is evident that the beginning is not important but in due course of time learning becomes more vital that would lead one to an unattainable place. According to him, Infosys story is a living proof for this. He asks the students to design their own future and advices them to share their fortune with less.

3. A SPEECH BY BARACK OBAMA

            The speech delivered by Barack Obama in St.Paul Minnesota on 3 June 2008 calls for the need of the hour in America. He proves to be an eminent speaker who in due course of appreciating his co-contestant pin points their faults and lacuna. He quotes the statement and phrases of former presidents and influential people of America. He rekindles the spirit of freedom and national feeling in the mind of audience.

            Obama clearly states and expresses his ideas in administration through placing the already existing problems and rendering the solution for them. He insists on the return of army troupe from Iran to America. He first demands for a focus on American unemployment and economy problem. The need for good education and worker’s security through proper insurance is repeatedly quoted. He requests his fellow contestants to visit the places like Ohio and Philadelphia which was highly affected by economic crisis. He calls for the unity by working together for the upliftment of America. His diplomatic speech is evident in the sarcastic appreciation of John Mc Lain and Hillary Clinton. He list down the reasons for why he has to become the president of America. He calls for a new energy and new ideas of challenges to face. Despite the difficult in Journey, he is ardent to turn the America with bright future.

4. UNITY OF MINDS – A.P.J ABDUL KALAM

            Abdul Kalam delivered this speech on the eve of the 55^th anniversary of our Independence. He utters solutions to all the Indians and convey his special appreciation to formers, technical defense, teachers, scientists, technologists, administrates and other professionals. He especially wishes the youth of the country. After wishing the present generation he appreciates the people of the past who laid the foundation for freedom.

            He lists down two visions for Indians as follow,

1.      He emphasize on the presentation of freedom which has been achieved by unity of minds of our people.

2.      Transformation of India from the present developing status to a developed nation by integrated actions. According to him Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India.

He hopes for the peace in Jammu and Kashmir after the normal election process. Kalam talks about the necessity of water mission, networking of river, water harvesting, along with environment purity that can bring great change in India. The entire programme should aim at larger employment. He recollects his visit to Gujarat. He quotes great souls like Mahatma Gandhi. Vallabhai Patel and Vikram Sarabhai for an inspiration that would result in nation’s welfare.

He demands the people to work together for bringing the unity of minds to preserve the attained achievements and to achieve further heights. He wishes to create role models from the present for the future generation. He wants the parliament leaders to be a role model for the students. He positively hopes for the fulfillment of the second vision through unity of minds. He prays to the almighty for the unity of minds.

5. I LOVE YOU MOM

            After twenty one years of marriage, the author’s wife wanted him to take his mother for a dinner. His mother has been a widow for 19 years. That night he called her for a dinner and movie. His mother was surprised. That Friday his mother was little bit anxious to meet him. She had curled her hair and she had worn her last wedding anniversary dress. When he read the menu card his mother smiled briefly and recollected the way she would read the menu for him when he was a little boy. During the dinner they had ordinary conversation. The author was very much exited and he planned to call his mother for another dinner. Meanwhile he passed away. After some days, he received a bill from restaurant. She had paid the bill in advance for him and his wife as she was not sure about joining him in next dinner. However she had left a note stating “I love you son” and the last dining meant a lot for her. At the moment, the author realizes that how it is important to say one’s love at the right moment.

 Different History-Sujata Bhatt

The poem begins with "Great Pan is not dead; he simply emigrated to India". With this short and brief opening the reader is able to know that the poem deals with conflicting theories on tradition and culture between two different continents. The narrator continues to speak against untraditional behaviour with the repetition of the phrase "a sin". The sins include actions such as "to shove a book aside with your foot", "to slam books down hard on a table, a sin to toss one carelessly across 0a room." In line fifteen, the narrator tells the readers that they "must learn how to turn the pages gently"- use of second person narration. The line is a universal message as how the narrator wishes to communicate the immense importance and urgency of having a respectful approach towards books. The line is also an imperative, where the commanding word "must" seems to give the readers no option but to obey. One of the key aspects of the poem is Bhatt's notable efforts to not disturb identities such as "Sarasvati", the Hindu goddess of arts and knowledge, due to her extreme importance to the Indian culture.

Towards the end of the poem, comes the rhetorical questioning of the cross cultural issue. The questions of the narrator not only indentifies a harmful and dangerous oppressor or colonist but it shows how the Indian culture has been part of the damaged cultures and tongues that have been lost due to colonialism, which is also becomes a prominent theme in the poem. The tone of the questions should also be considered, the passion and sadness of the narrator is given through the questioning of the current world order. An extended metaphor also exists within the closing lines of the poem, where the parallels between the agriculture and the cross cultural difference are drawn. The peace may come from the narrator's relations that the plant of Indian Culture has in fact, not died as suggested before, but that the plant has always been growing and developing even before the narrators time. The narrator may have realised that there was one moment where the traditions and language they held dear was once seen as radical by those further in the past.

Through a well selected series of language and literary techniques/terms, Bhatt achieves to produce a poem which discusses the mistake made after the collision of very different cultures and then explains the truth and proper customs which have been lost. The narrator, in the process of this discussion also resolved the intense emotions they once had, by accepting that cross- cultural consequences such as colonialism do not ruin a history, but creates a different tone. Bhatt was born and spent her childhood in India and then moved to the united states of America for her education. She knows best of the cultural difference between two vastly distinct nations and writes the poem as one of the "unborn grandchildren" hoping to hold on to the past, as she goes on into the unknown future.

Digging-Seamus Heaney

The poet begins the narration with his own image of holding a pen. Then the image shifts to his father who holds a spade sinking into the gravel ground. He looks down at his father who digs. The description of the two contrary images between him and his father is clearly given to manifest the idea of the poet. The poet loves the farming work that has been carried out by his ancestors but he has developed a passion for the art of writing. He could capture the image of his father working amidst the flower beds. He was keenly working with his boots to clear the ground and to pick the scattered new potatoes. He wonders at the strength of his father who could just hold the spade like his father. He recollects his past as a young boy. He use to carry milk in a bottle corked sloppily with paper. He just straightened up to drink the bottle and then right away he went for work. His shoulders go down to keep on digging. The smell of potato delves deep in the head of the poet but he has no spade to follow their routes. He wants to dig the world with his pen. His heart and soul operates with pen rather than spade.

Ozymandias of Egypt

This poem describes the futile venture of an ancient king who always boasted about his power and wealth. The time disapproves the mightiness of the mortal. After the destruction of time, only broken statue of the king and the lines written below the statue remains. The lonely sands that stretch away symbolize the enduring power of nature, which has effortlessly taken over Ozymandia’s kingdom. The poem begins with the first narration. He meets a traveller who describes the statue of a two vast and trunkless legs of stone in the dessert. The half buried statue in the stand shows a face with frown and wrinkled lip. The sculpture had passionately read the character of the king. The words “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings” appear following with the proud declaration of king about the exhibition of works around him. Irony is the absence of mighty work around him. Nothing remains around him. The lone and level sands stretch far away.

Leave this Chanting and Singing and Telling of Beads

This poem talks about the real way of offering prayers to God. Tagore wants the religious minded to go beyond the four walls of their shrines to where god really exists with the farm worker and the construction labourer. In the first paragraph the poet says one should leave this chanting, singing, and telling of beads. He questions the religious people that who do you worship in this dark corner of a temple? Open your eyes and see God is not there before you.

One can see God where the tiller is tilling the hard ground and the pathmaker is breaking stones. The poet says that one can see God in sun and shower where the tiller and the pathmaker is and come down to the dusty soil.  The poet then questions what is deliverance? And where can we find it? God is the creator and master of everything. God has created this world joyfully and is attached with us, then why people are meditating and chanting? They think that when one is doing chanting he is very real to God and he can achieve everything. But according to the poet one can find God not only in the temple but with the workers who are working whole day in the dirt and under the hot sun. He asks us what harm is there if you work under the sun and if your clothes become dirt. God will always remain with the hard working and poor people. According to him supporting those kind of people is the real worship offered to the God.

The Justice of the Peace-Hillaire Belloc

The poem is filled with sarcastic tone. It talks about the way for peace but the peace at the expense of the poor. The poet presents the sharp difference between the rich and the poor. The poor has just a shirt, hat, shoe and a coat. The speaker declares him to be the owner of fifty hundred acres of land. There is no reason that how he came to possess it. Just because he possesses it, he has the right over it. To maintain peace he asks the poor to be calm and quiet. The people of low station are not supposed to fight. As the speaker does not care about the poor man possession he is not supposed to envy him in return. According to him it is illogical to fight with an economically strong person. He declares assertively that he has got an upper hand and he means to keep it forever. The entire poem operates in a dramatic monologue context. The reader can make a guess about the rich speaker but the listener is absent in the scene.

Short Story

The Happy Prince-Oscar Wilde

“The Happy Prince” is the story about the good hearted happy prince himself and the little swallow. The swallow was about to fly to Egypt but its encounter with the happy prince changes its life. The happy prince during his life time was totally ignorant about the sufferings of the poor. After his death, as a statue he observes the plight around him. He seeks the help of swallow for distributing his jewels, sapphires and ruby to the needy. After the loss of the stones in eyes he could not see the sorrow of the poor but he has done his best to get rid of the plight of seamstress, poor dramatist and a little child. His gold jewels are distributed to a maximum through the swallow. At the end of their service, the happy prince statue was pulled down terming it to be ugly and the swallow dies due to the cold winter and exhaustion. The statue is melted down but however the heart remains unmelted. When the God asks one of his angels to bring two most precious things from the city, the angel brings the unmelted heart and the dead bird. The story presents the moral values and the concept of socialism.

The Story of Stanford

This story presents a fact that appearances are always deceptive. One should never judge a person by the way they look. Once a lady and her husband paid a visit to Harvard University. They looked terribly poor in their faded clothes. They wanted to meet the President of Harvard University. The secretary made them to wait for hours together and after much hesitation she seeks permission from the President. The President gives them an unfriendly welcome and asks them about their purpose of visit. They express their wish to erect a building in memory of their lost son who studied in the same University. The President makes fun of them and tells “Do you have any earthly idea how much a building costs”? At the end the mother is happy to know about the cost of the building from his remark. She casually points out to her husband about the cost of construction. Mr and Mrs. Leland Stanford later construct their own university in California for the loss of their son.

Engine Trouble-R.K.Narayan

This is a story by Narayan which begins with an ironic note of how a prize won by a man proves to be an expensive headache. A showman comes to Malgudi and brings with him his Gaiety land. The Gymkhana grounds are used for the festivities and the whole town pours in to see the show. Our protagonist wins a road engine at a show, people gather around him looking at him as if he is some curious animal. Now the problem that rises is how to take the prize back home. The driver of the engine is an expensive one and the suggestion of bringing in the municipality is not a good idea. It is decided that the engine can stay on the Gymkhana grounds till the end of the season but the cost of maintaining it on those grounds prove to be expensive for our protagonist. A cattle show comes to town and he is given 24 hours time to remove it, so a temple elephant and 50 coolies are hired to take it to a nearby field owned by a friend. Joseph, a dismissed bus driver comes in to help steer the engine. Hell breaks loose resulting in undue expenditures.

Narayan introduces a Swamiji who performs various impossible feats and insists on having a road engine run over his chest. The municipality does not know how to arrange for one. Our protagonist becomes the hero of the hour by lending his engine for the feat. And in return it would be driven wherever he wanted it to. Unfortunately in the story, the law comes in between and the feat cannot be performed, through the figure of a police inspector, the legality of doing such acts has been brought forward by Narayan where the inspector says that Swamiji  can do anything except have potassium cyanide or have a rail engine run over him. It is a natural calamity that comes as a stroke of luck for our protagonist and solves all his problems. Again Narayan shows the irony of how a calamity that claimed several towns bears good tidings for the owner of the engine.

After Twenty Years-O.Henry

The story “After Twenty Years” presents the life of two friends who go in for a mutual agreement to meet each after twenty years. The two friends are Bob and Jimmy Wells. Bob sets out to Europe to earn his fortune while Jimmy remains in the same place. After twenty years, the meeting is about to take place but unfortunately Jimmy being a cop finds his friend to be the wanted criminal. He realises his face in the dim light whereas Bob innocently discusses about the strange meeting unknowingly with his friend. Jimmy leaves the place and sends another cop to arrest him. He gives a note through him stating that he has been in the place before appointed time and he has recognised him when he struck the cigar. He could not arrest the friend by himself and therefore he has left the spot and deputed another to arrest him. The time has changed both the friends as cop and the criminal. Jimmy Wells is presented in a heroic light and on the other hand despite being a criminal Bob appears to be a good friend.

Two Gentlemen of Verona-A.J.Cronin

According to the writer, the two gentlemen of Verona are Nicola and Jacopo. The two brothers are introduced as normal kids at the beginning of the story but as the story moves one gets introduced to the heroic deeds of these two brave boys. They work hard to save their sister from spine tuberculosis. Apart from serving the home, the narrator comes to know about their service to the nation. They have undergone a tough time during war and even after war they do all sorts of work to survive and save their sister. Their strength and courage moves the author. They are not ordinary men who always think selfish. These kids are real gentlemen of Verona who stand the test of times and face the difficulties with smiling face.

The Avenger-Anton Chekhov

Anton Chekhov takes the reader through the mind of an avenger. The protagonist finds his wife infidelity and he wants to take revenge against the wife and her lover. He goes to a shop for purchasing gun. He finds some of the gun to be costly. He watches the display of guns and the shop keeper by all means describe the uses of gun and tries his best to sell the costliest gun. His each description makes the protagonist to revise his murder plans. Initially he wants to make his wife suffer. Then he plans to kill her lover. At times he also thinks to kill himself after killing her. He imagines the court proceedings and newspaper review. After much thought process finally he withdraws his idea of murder plan. The shop keeper talk ultimately gives him time to change his mind. He purchases a trivial object and leaves the spot. Chekov presents the story with great irony.